Yoga Sutras
  • Chapter 1

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bāhya-ābhyantara-stambha-vṛttiḥ deṣa-kāla-saṃkhyābhiḥ paridṛṣṭaḥ dīrgha-sūkṣmaḥ

बाह्याभ्यन्तरस्थम्भ वृत्तिः देशकालसन्ख्याभिः परिदृष्टो दीर्घसूक्ष्मः

The external, internal and suspension fluctuations are seen to be long and subtle through place, time and number


bāhya - external

ābhyantara - internal

stambha - suspension

vṛtti - fluctuation; modification; turning; set in motion, course of action, behaviour, movement; activity, function; profession

deśa - place, point, region, spot

kāla - time, a period of time; season, the proper time or season for

sāṃkhya - enumeration; a number

paridṛṣṭa - seen to be

dīrgha - long, for a long time; a long vowel

sūkṣma - subtle; atomic; intangible


Commentary by Paul Harvey:

Some Prāṇāyāma Techniques prioritise Length. Other Prāṇāyāma Techniques prioritise Subtlety. While yet other Prāṇāyāma Techniques prioritise Both. – Reflection on Yoga Sūtra Chapter Two verse 50