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pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkhaiḥ guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāt-ca duḥkham-eva sarvaṃ vivekinaḥ

परिणाम ताप संस्कार दुःखैः गुणवृत्तिविरोधाच्च दुःखमेव सर्वं विवेकिनः

Indeed for the discriminating person all is suffering, due to the suffering from transformation, craving and tendencies; and the opposing fluctuations in the activities of the attributes of nature

pariṇāma - transformation

tāpa - craving

saṃskāra - tendencies, psychological imprint, mental impression, habitual potency; making ready, preparation; a sacred or sanctifying ceremony

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrowful

guṇa - attributes of nature; qualities

vṛtti - fluctuation; modification; turning; set in motion, course of action, behaviour, movement; activity, function; profession

virodhā - opposing

ca - and

eva - thus

sarva - all

vivekin - discerner

Commentary by T Krishnamacharya:

Only a teacher who has experienced Duḥkha can heal others Duḥkha.

Commentary by TKV Desikachar:

Duḥkha is the expression of a problem. Duḥkha is an emotion, it could be an illusion.

Suffering is basically either the result of the absence of something that we want, or the presence of something that we don’t want.

We are always experiencing Duḥkha even though some of us might not be seeking clarity. Recognising AND accepting one’s Duḥkham is the first Prajñā. Once you have accepted this you are free to find out where it is coming from..

Commentary by Paul Harvey:

“There are some who are ruled by how they perceive the world as treating them. There are others who reflect on how they are treating the world.”